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Dwarf manatee
The dwarf manatee (''Trichechus "pygmaeus"'', or mistakenly ''Trichechus bernhardi'')〔William. (2008). ''(Interview with Marc van Roosmalen. )'' aquaticcommunity.com. Accessed November 09, 2009.〕 is a possible species of manatee found in the freshwater habitats of the Amazon, though restricted to one tributary of the Aripuanã River.〔van Roosmalen, M. G. M. (''A new species of living manatee from the Amazon.'' ). Accessed on March 15, 2008.〕 According to Marc van Roosmalen, the scientist who proposed it as a new species, it lives in shallow, fast-running water, and feeds on different species of aquatic plants from the Amazonian manatee, which prefers deeper, slower-moving waters and the plants found there. The dwarf manatee reportedly migrates upriver during the rainy season when the river floods to the headwaters and shallow ponds. Based on its small range, the dwarf manatee is suggested to be considered critically endangered,〔 but at present it is not recognized by the IUCN.〔
The dwarf manatee is typically about long, and weighs about , making it the smallest extant sirenians.〔 It is overall very dark, almost black, with a white patch on the abdomen.〔 It may actually represent an immature Amazonian manatee, but it is reported to differ in proportions and colour.〔 It is, however, at least very closely related, as mtDNA has failed to reveal any difference between the two. Mutation rates in manatees – if the dwarf manatee is distinct – suggests a divergence time of less than 485,000 years.〔 Daryl Domning, a Smithsonian Institution research associate and the world's foremost experts on manatee evolution,〔(''How Manatees Evolved.'' ) manateebrain.org. Accessed 2008-07-27〕 has stated that the DNA evidence actually proves that these merely are immature Amazonian manatees.〔(''Trials of a Primatologist.'' ) smithsonianmag.com. Accessed 2008-07-27〕
Disregarding its questionable validity as a species, the proposed name ''Trichechus pygmaeus'' is problematic. A formal description using that name was submitted to ''Nature'', but it was rejected〔 and consequently the article has only been published online.〔 This has resulted in the invalidation of the name following chapter 3, article 8.6 of the ICZN Code.〔International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. (1999). ''(International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. )'' 4th edition. Accessed December 22, 2011.〕 The paper containing the formal description of ''Trichechus pygmaeus'' was eventually published in the ''Biodiversity Journal'' in 2015.
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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